Sperm disorders
Azoospermia
A condition in which there are no sperm in the semen when a man ejaculates. This may be because the man does not make sperm or because the sperm is blocked from entering the semen. Azoospermia may be caused by hormone problems, certain genetic conditions, previous vasectomy or other surgery, or other conditions. It may also be caused by certain cancer treatments. Azoospermia can cause infertility (the inability to produce children).
Aspermia
Aspermia is the complete lack of semen with ejaculation, which is associated with infertility. Many different causes were reported such as infection, congenital disorder, medication, retrograde ejaculation, iatrogenic aspemia, and so on. The main treatments based on these etiologies include anti-infection, discontinuing medication, artificial inseminization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), in vitro fertilization, and reconstructive surgery. Some outcomes were promising even though the case number was limited in most studies. For men whose infertility is linked to genetic conditions, it is very difficult to predict the potential effects on their offspring. It is strongly recommended that assisted reproductive techniques should not be started until genetic screening results.
Asthenozoospermia
Asthenozoospermia (AZS) is a condition that reduces sperm motility, impacting their ability to swim towards an egg. It's a major cause of male infertility and can be categorized as primary or secondary. Primary AZS Poor sperm motility is the primary issue, often due to genetic or congenital factors. This can include chromosomal abnormalities or mutations in genes that control flagellar assembly and motility.
Necrospermia
Necrospermia, also known as necrozoospermia, is a rare condition where a large percentage of sperm in a semen sample are dead or unable to move. The dead sperm cells are unable to move effectively, which can significantly reduce the chances of pregnancy and fertilization. Necrospermia usually doesn't have noticeable symptoms, and the primary indication is the presence of non-viable and non-motile sperm in a semen analysis
Teratospermia
Teratospermia, also known as teratozoospermia, is a condition where a man produces sperm with abnormal shapes, affecting their ability to fertilize an egg. This can be caused by defects in the sperm's head, midpiece, or tail. Sperm with abnormal morphology are often functionally deficient. Normal sperm have an oval head, a midpiece that produces energy for movement, and a long tail.
Hypospermia
Hypospermia is a condition where a man ejaculates less than 1.5 milliliters of semen, impacting male fertility and reproductive health. The main symptom is minimal ejaculation, which can also lead to decreased sexual satisfaction.
Leukocytospermia
Leukocytospermia, also known as pyospermia, is a condition characterized by an abnormally high concentration of white blood cells (leukocytes) in semen. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines it as more than 1 million leukocytes per milliliter of semen. This condition can be an indicator of infection or inflammation in the male reproductive tract.
Oligozoospermia
Terms oligospermia, oligozoospermia, and low sperm count refer to semen with a low concentration of sperm and is a common finding in male infertility. Often, semen with a decreased sperm concentration may also show significant abnormalities in sperm morphology and motility.
Hyperspermia
Hyperspermia is a rare condition where a man produces an abnormally high volume of semen during ejaculation, usually exceeding 5–7 milliliters. While not always harmful, it can contribute to fertility issues due to sperm dilution. Causes: Possible causes include hormonal imbalances, genetic factors, certain medical conditions, extended abstinence, infections, inflammation, steroid use, and certain drugs.
Oligospermia
Terms oligospermia, oligozoospermia, and low sperm count refer to semen with a low concentration of sperm and is a common finding in male infertility. Often, semen with a decreased sperm concentration may also show significant abnormalities in sperm morphology and motility
Azoospermia
A condition in which there are no sperm in the semen when a man ejaculates. This may be because the man does not make sperm or because the sperm is blocked from entering the semen. Azoospermia may be caused by hormone problems, certain genetic conditions, previous vasectomy or other surgery, or other conditions. It may also be caused by certain cancer treatments. Azoospermia can cause infertility (the inability to produce children).
Aspermia
Aspermia is the complete lack of semen with ejaculation, which is associated with infertility. Many different causes were reported such as infection, congenital disorder, medication, retrograde ejaculation, iatrogenic aspemia, and so on. The main treatments based on these etiologies include anti-infection, discontinuing medication, artificial inseminization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), in vitro fertilization, and reconstructive surgery. Some outcomes were promising even though the case number was limited in most studies. For men whose infertility is linked to genetic conditions, it is very difficult to predict the potential effects on their offspring. It is strongly recommended that assisted reproductive techniques should not be started until genetic screening results.
Asthenozoospermia
Asthenozoospermia (AZS) is a condition that reduces sperm motility, impacting their ability to swim towards an egg. It's a major cause of male infertility and can be categorized as primary or secondary. Primary AZS Poor sperm motility is the primary issue, often due to genetic or congenital factors. This can include chromosomal abnormalities or mutations in genes that control flagellar assembly and motility.
Necrospermia
Necrospermia, also known as necrozoospermia, is a rare condition where a large percentage of sperm in a semen sample are dead or unable to move. The dead sperm cells are unable to move effectively, which can significantly reduce the chances of pregnancy and fertilization. Necrospermia usually doesn't have noticeable symptoms, and the primary indication is the presence of non-viable and non-motile sperm in a semen analysis
Teratospermia
Teratospermia, also known as teratozoospermia, is a condition where a man produces sperm with abnormal shapes, affecting their ability to fertilize an egg. This can be caused by defects in the sperm's head, midpiece, or tail. Sperm with abnormal morphology are often functionally deficient. Normal sperm have an oval head, a midpiece that produces energy for movement, and a long tail.
Hypospermia
Hypospermia is a condition where a man ejaculates less than 1.5 milliliters of semen, impacting male fertility and reproductive health. The main symptom is minimal ejaculation, which can also lead to decreased sexual satisfaction.
Leukocytospermia
Leukocytospermia, also known as pyospermia, is a condition characterized by an abnormally high concentration of white blood cells (leukocytes) in semen. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines it as more than 1 million leukocytes per milliliter of semen. This condition can be an indicator of infection or inflammation in the male reproductive tract.
Oligozoospermia
Terms oligospermia, oligozoospermia, and low sperm count refer to semen with a low concentration of sperm and is a common finding in male infertility. Often, semen with a decreased sperm concentration may also show significant abnormalities in sperm morphology and motility.
Hyperspermia
Hyperspermia is a rare condition where a man produces an abnormally high volume of semen during ejaculation, usually exceeding 5–7 milliliters. While not always harmful, it can contribute to fertility issues due to sperm dilution. Causes: Possible causes include hormonal imbalances, genetic factors, certain medical conditions, extended abstinence, infections, inflammation, steroid use, and certain drugs.
Oligospermia
Terms oligospermia, oligozoospermia, and low sperm count refer to semen with a low concentration of sperm and is a common finding in male infertility. Often, semen with a decreased sperm concentration may also show significant abnormalities in sperm morphology and motility
