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Lipid Profile Test
A lipid profile is a blood test that measures different types of fats in your blood. It is commonly used to assess your risk of heart disease and stroke.
What the test usually measures
Total cholesterol – the overall amount of cholesterol in your blood.
LDL cholesterol (“bad” cholesterol) – high levels can contribute to plaque buildup in arteries.
HDL cholesterol (“good” cholesterol) – helps remove cholesterol from the bloodstream.
Triglycerides – another type of blood fat; high levels can increase cardiovascular risk.
VLDL – sometimes reported, often estimated from triglycerides.
Non-HDL cholesterol – sometimes included and can be useful for assessing cardiovascular risk.
Preparation
Depending on the laboratory and the specific test, you may or may not need to fast. If fasting is requested, it is commonly 9–12 hours, with plain water allowed. Avoid alcohol and unusually fatty meals before the test, and follow your doctor's/lab's instructions.
Typical adult reference levels
These are general targets, not a diagnosis:
Test Generally desirable
Total cholesterol <200 mg/dL
LDL <100 mg/dL
HDL ≥60 mg/dL is generally favorable
Triglycerides <150 mg/dL
Non-HDL <130 mg/dL
The appropriate LDL target can be much lower for people with diabetes, established heart disease, kidney disease, or high cardiovascular risk.
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